Scholarship cited by Ask

These works are cited for one point each, named below. They are standard references cited from general knowledge: their details were not re-checked in this build, and each needs checking by a specialist before the guide that cites it is called reviewed. Ask quotes none of them.

1. Robin Scroggs, The New Testament and Homosexuality: Contextual Background for Contemporary Debate (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983).

   Cited for: An argument that the New Testament texts addressed forms of pederasty common in the Greco-Roman world.

   Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

2. Bernadette J. Brooten, Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).

   Cited for: Ancient texts that describe lasting same-sex desire, including between women, and the background to Romans 1:26.

   Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

3. Robert A. J. Gagnon, The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001).

   Cited for: An argument that the biblical texts reject same-sex intercourse as such, and that Jesus' teaching on marriage assumes this.

   Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

4. Dale B. Martin, Sex and the Single Savior: Gender and Sexuality in Biblical Interpretation (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), the essay “Arsenokoitês and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences” (first published in R. L. Brawley (ed.), Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality, 1996).

   Cited for: An argument that the meanings of arsenokoitēs and malakos are uncertain and that translations have narrowed them.

   checked:2026-10-31:book and essay title confirmed by search (reviews; Penn Libraries catalogue); chapter number not confirmed and not given

5. William Loader, The New Testament on Sexuality (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012).

   Cited for: A survey of what the New Testament texts say about sexuality, read against Jewish and Greco-Roman sources.

   Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

6. E. P. Sanders, Judaism: Practice and Belief, 63 BCE–66 CE (London and Philadelphia: SCM Press / Trinity Press International, 1992).

   Cited for: ‘Common Judaism’: the religion of ordinary Jews, most of whom belonged to no party; the Pharisees' influence assessed.

   Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

7. Steve Mason, Flavius Josephus on the Pharisees: A Composition-Critical Study (Leiden: Brill, 1991).

   Cited for: How Josephus' own aims shape what he says about the Pharisees; Mason reads Josephus as consistently critical of them.

   checked:2026-10-31:bibliographic details and thesis confirmed by search (CiNii; review in AJS Review)

8. Steve Mason, Was Josephus a Pharisee? A Re-examination of Life 10–12 (Oxford: Journal of Jewish Studies 40, 1989).

   Cited for: The argument that Life 10–12 describes Josephus entering public life in conformity with Pharisaic norms, and does not show that he was a Pharisee.

   checked:2026-10-31:article confirmed by search (RelBib; York University profile); page range reported as 31–45 or 32–45, so not given

9. Anthony J. Saldarini, Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees in Palestinian Society: A Sociological Approach (Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1988).

   Cited for: The Pharisees as a group seeking influence, dependent on patrons, rather than the official leaders of Judaism.

   Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

10. Jacob Neusner, The Rabbinic Traditions about the Pharisees before 70 (Leiden: Brill, 1971), 3 vols.

    Cited for: The caution needed before reading later rabbinic sources back into the time before 70 CE.

    Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

11. Joseph Sievers and Amy-Jill Levine (eds), The Pharisees (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021).

    Cited for: Recent scholarship on the historical Pharisees and on the use of “Pharisee” as a stereotype in Christian teaching.

    Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

12. Robert L. Webb, John the Baptizer and Prophet: A Socio-Historical Study (Sheffield: JSOT Press (Sheffield Academic Press), 1991).

    Cited for: John as a prophetic figure; comparison of the Gospel and Josephus accounts.

    Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

13. Joan E. Taylor, The Immerser: John the Baptist within Second Temple Judaism (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997).

    Cited for: John's immersion read alongside Jewish purification practice.

    Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

14. John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, vol. 2: Mentor, Message, and Miracles (New York: Doubleday, 1994).

    Cited for: The authenticity of Josephus' passage on John (Antiquities 18.116–119) and the historical John.

    Standard reference; not re-checked in this build.

15. Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church, §§2357–2359 (Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1997).

    Cited for: Catholic teaching that sexual acts belong within marriage between a man and a woman and that homosexual acts cannot be approved, with respect for homosexual persons.

    checked:2026-10-31:paragraphs and wording (“intrinsically disordered”, acts; respect for persons; chastity) confirmed by search of the vatican.va concordance and USCCB edition

16. The Episcopal Church, General Convention, Resolutions 2015-A036 (Canon I.18, marriage) and 2015-A054 (marriage rites) (Salt Lake City: General Convention, 2015).

    Cited for: A church that changed its marriage canon and authorised marriage rites usable by same-sex couples.

    checked:2026-10-31:resolutions and their effect confirmed by search (Anglican News; Episcopal archives references)

17. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Human Sexuality: Gift and Trust (social statement) (Minneapolis: ELCA Churchwide Assembly, 2009).

    Cited for: A church that records that its members hold differing, conscience-bound convictions about same-gender relationships.

    checked:2026-10-31:adoption (19 Aug 2009, 676–338) and its account of differing views confirmed by search (ELCA news release)